Shorter Catechism
Q. 33. What is justification?
A. Justification is an act of God’s free grace, wherein he pardoneth all our sins [c], and accepteth us as righteous in his sight [d], only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us [e], and received by faith alone [f].
[c] Romans 3:24 Being justified freely by his grace, through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus; Ver.25 Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God.
Romans 4:6 Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, Ver.7 Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. Ver.8 Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.
[d] 2 Corinthians 5:19 To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation. Ver.21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
[e] Romans 5:17 For if by one man’s offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace, and of the gift of righteousness, shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ. Ver.18 Therefore, as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life. Ver.19 For as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners; so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.
[f] Galatians 2:16 Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of he law shall no flesh be justified.
Philippians 3:9 And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith.
Larger Catechism
Q70. What is justification?
A. Justification is an act of God’s free grace unto sinners [x], in which he pardoneth all their sins, accepteth and accounteth their persons righteous in his sight [y]; not for any thing wrought in them, or done by them [z], but only for the perfect obedience and full satisfaction of Christ, by God imputed to them [a], and received by faith alone [b].
[x] Romans 3:22 Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference: Ver.24 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus: Ver.25 Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;
Romans 4:5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is counted for righteousness.
[y] 2 Corinthians 5:19 To wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation. Ver.21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
Romans 3:22 Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference: Ver.24 Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus: Ver.25 Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God; Ver.27 Where is boasting then? It is excluded. By what law? of works? Nay: but by the law of faith. Ver.28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.
[z] Titus 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; Ver.7 That being justified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.
Ephesians 1:7 In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace;
[a] Romans 5:17-19 For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ. Ver.18 Therefore as by the offence of one judgment came upon all men to condemnation; even so by the righteousness of one the free gift came upon all men unto justification of life. Ver.19 For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.
Romans 4:6-8 Even as David also describeth the blessedness of the man, unto whom God imputeth righteousness without works, Ver.7 Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered. Ver.8 Blessed is the man to whom the Lord will not impute sin.
[b] Acts 10:43 To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.
Galatians 2:16 Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Jesus Christ, that we might be justified by the faith of Christ, and not by the works of the law: for by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.
Philippians 3:9 And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith:
End of Lesson, Day 43
For Further Study:
Francis R. Beattie's The Presbyterian Standards
The Benefits of Redemption: Justification
James Fisher's Catechism on the Catechism
John Flavel's Exposition of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism
Matthew Henry's A Scripture Catechism in the Method of the Assembly's
Thomas Vincent's The Shorter Catechism Explained from Scripture
Thomas Watson's Body of Divinity
John Whitecross' The Shorter Catechism Illustrated
Gordon Clark, Commentary on the Westminster Confession, chapter 11
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