Westminster Shorter Catechism
Q. 94. What is baptism?
A. Baptism is a sacrament, wherein the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost [a], doth signify and seal our ingrafting into Christ, and partaking of the benefits of the covenant of grace, and our engagement to be the Lord’s [b].
[a] Matthew 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.
[b] Romans 6:4 Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death; that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.
Galatians 3:27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.
Westminster Larger Catechism
Q.165. What is Baptism?
A. Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, wherein Christ hath ordained the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost [e], to be a sign and seal of ingrafting into himself [f], of remission of sins by his blood [g], and regeneration by his Spirit [h]; of adoption [i], and resurrection unto everlasting life [k]; and whereby the parties baptized are solemnly admitted into the visible church [l],
and enter into an open and professed engagement to be wholly and only the Lord’s [m].
Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, wherein Christ hath ordained the washing with water in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost [e],
[e] Matthew 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
to be a sign and seal of ingrafting into himself [f],
[f] Galatians 3:27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.
of remission of sins by his blood [g],
[g] Mark 1:4 John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.
Revelation 1:5 Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood,
and regeneration by his Spirit [h];
[h] Titus 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost;
Ephesians 5:26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word,
of adoption [i],
[i] Galatians 3:26-27 For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. Ver.27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.
and resurrection unto everlasting life [k];
[k] 1 Corinthians 15:29 Else what shall they do which are baptized for the dead, if the dead rise not at all? why are they then baptized for the dead?
Romans 6:5 For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection:
and whereby the parties baptized are solemnly admitted into the visible church [l],
[l] 1 Corinthians 12:13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.
and enter into an open and professed engagement to be wholly and only the Lord’s [m].
[m] Romans 6:4 Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.
Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter 28
I. Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, ordained by Jesus Christ [a], not only for the solemn admission of the party baptized into the visible Church [b]; but also to be unto him a sign and seal of the covenant of grace [c], of his ingrafting into Christ [d], of regeneration [e], of remission of sins [f], and of his giving up unto God, through Jesus Christ, to walk in the newness of life [g]. Which sacrament is, by Christ’s own appointment, to be continued in His Church until the end of the world [h].
Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, ordained by Jesus Christ [a],
[a] Matthew 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.
not only for the solemn admission of the party baptized into the visible Church [b];
[b] 1 Corinthians 12:13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.
but also to be unto him a sign and seal of the covenant of grace [c],
[c] Romans 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also.
With Colossians 2:11 In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands, in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ: Ver.12 Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead.
of his ingrafting into Christ [d],
[d] Galatians 3:27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.
Romans 6:5 For if we have been planted together in the likeness of his death, we shall be also in the likeness of his resurrection.
of regeneration [e],
[e] Titus 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost.
of remission of sins [f],
[f] Mark 1:4 John did baptize in the wilderness, and preach the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins.
and of his giving up unto God, through Jesus Christ, to walk in the newness of life [g].
[g] Romans 6:3 Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? Ver.4 Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.
Which sacrament is, by Christ’s own appointment, to be continued in His Church until the end of the world [h].
[h] Matthew 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Ver.20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.
II. The outward element to be used in this sacrament is water, wherewith the party is to be baptized, in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost, by a minister of the Gospel, lawfully called thereunto [i].
[i] Matthew 3:11 I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire.
John 1:33 And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.
Matthew 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Ver.20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.
III. Dipping of the person into the water is not necessary; but Baptism is rightly administered by pouring, or sprinkling water upon the person [k].
[k] Hebrews 9:10 Which stood only in meats and drinks, and divers washings [baptismos], and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until the time of reformation. Ver.19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people, Ver.20 Saying, This is the blood of the testament which God hath enjoined unto you. Ver.21 Moreover he sprinkled with blood both the tabernacle, and all the vessels of the ministry. Ver.22 And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.
Acts 2:41 Then they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls.
Acts 16:33 And he took them the same hour of the night, and washed their stripes; and was baptized, he and all his, straightway.
Mark 7:4 And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.
End of Lesson, Day 91
For Further Study:
- Francis R. Beattie's The Presbyterian Standards
- James Fisher's
Catechism on the Catechism - John Flavel's
Exposition of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism - Matthew Henry's
A Scripture Catechism in the Method of the Assembly's - Thomas Vincent's
The Shorter Catechism Explained from Scripture - Thomas Watson's
Body of Divinity (Questions 93 to 95 combined.) - John Whitecross'
The Shorter Catechism Illustrated
CHAPTER. XXVIII. - Of Baptism - Commentary by Gordon H. Clark
Chapter XXVIII. Of Baptism - Exposition by Robert Shaw
Chapter 28: Of Baptism - Commentary by A.A. Hodge
Patriarchy and “Sacraments”: Circumcision
Patriarchy and the “Sacraments”: Baptism
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