Larger Catechism Q.168;
Confession of Faith ch.29, sections 1-2;
Larger Catechism Q.169
Westminster Shorter Catechism
Q. 96. What is the Lord’s supper?
A. The Lord’s supper is a sacrament, wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine, according to Christ’s appointment, his death is showed forth; and the worthy receivers are, not after a corporal and carnal manner, but by faith, made partakers of his body and blood, with all his benefits, to their spiritual nourishment, and growth in grace [e].
[e] 1 Corinthians 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus, the same night in which he was betrayed, took bread: Ver.24 And, when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat; this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. Ver.25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. Ver.26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
1 Corinthians 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? the bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
Westminster Larger Catechism
Q.168. What is the Lord’s Supper?
A. The Lord’s Supper is a sacrament of the New Testament [z], wherein, by giving and receiving bread and wine according to the appointment of Jesus Christ, his death is showed forth; and they that worthily communicate feed upon his body and blood, to their spiritual nourishment and growth in grace [a]; have their union and communion with him confirmed [b]; testify and renew their thankfulness [c], and engagement to God [d], and their mutual love and fellowship each with the other, as members of the same mystical body [e].
[z] Luke 22:20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
[a] Matthew 26:26-28 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. Ver.27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; Ver.28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
1 Corinthians 11:23-26 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: Ver.24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. Ver.25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. Ver.26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
[b] 1 Corinthians 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
[c] 1 Corinthians 11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me.
[d] 1 Corinthians 10:14-16 Wherefore, my dearly beloved, flee from idolatry. Ver.15 I speak as to wise men; judge ye what I say. Ver.16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? Ver.21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord’s table, and of the table of devils.
[e] 1 Corinthians 10:17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread.
Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter 29
I. Our Lord Jesus, in the night wherein He was betrayed, instituted the sacrament of His body and blood, called the Lord’s Supper, to be observed in His Church, unto the end of the world, for the perpetual remembrance of the sacrifice of Himself in His death; the sealing all benefits thereof unto true believers, their spiritual nourishment and growth in Him, their further engagement in and to all duties which they owe unto Him; and, to be a bond and pledge of their communion with Him, and with each other, as members of His mystical body [a].
[a] 1 Corinthians 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: Ver.24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. Ver.25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. Ver.26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
1 Corinthians 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? Ver.17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread. Ver.21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord’s table, and of the table of devils.
1 Corinthians 12:13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.
Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter 29
II. In this sacrament, Christ is not offered up to His Father; nor any real sacrifice made at all, for remission of sins of the quick or dead [b]; but only a commemoration of that one offering up of Himself, by Himself, upon the cross, once for all: and a spiritual oblation of all possible praise unto God, for the same [c]: so that the popish sacrifice of the mass (as they call it) is most abominably injurious to Christ’s one, only sacrifice, the alone propitiation for all the sins of His elect [d].
[b] Hebrews 9:22 And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission. Ver.25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others; Ver.26 For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. Ver.28 So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.
[c] 1 Corinthians 11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. Ver.25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. Ver.26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
Matthew 26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. Ver.27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it.
[d] Hebrews 7:23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death: Ver.24 But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. Ver.27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people’s: for this he did once, when he offered up himself.
Hebrews 10:11 And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: Ver.12 But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins, for ever sat down on the right hand of God. Ver.14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. Ver.18 Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.
Westminster Larger Catechism
Q.169. How hath Christ appointed bread and wine to be given and received in the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper?
A. Christ hath appointed the ministers of his Word, in the administration of this sacrament of the Lord’s Supper, to set apart the bread and wine from common use, by the word of institution, thanksgiving, and prayer; to take and break the bread, and to give both the bread and the wine to the communicants: who are, by the same appointment, to take and eat the bread, and to drink the wine, in thankful remembrance that the body of Christ was broken and given, and his blood shed, for them [f].
[f] 1 Corinthians 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: Ver.24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me.
Matthew 26:26-28 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. Ver.27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; Ver.28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
Mark 14:22-24 And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. Ver.23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it. Ver.24 And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many.
Luke 22:19-20 And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. Ver.20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you.
End of Lesson, Day 94
For Further Study:
CHAP. XXIX. - Of the Lord's Supper - Commentary by Gordon H. Clark
Chapter XXIX. Of the Lord' s Supper - Exposition by Robert Shaw
Chapter 29: Of the Lord's Supper - Commentary by A.A.Hodge
- Francis R. Beattie's The Presbyterian Standards
- James Fisher's
Catechism on the Catechism - John Flavel's Exposition of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism
- Matthew Henry's
A Scripture Catechism in the Method of the Assembly's - Thomas Vincent's
The Shorter Catechism Explained from Scripture - Thomas Watson's
Body of Divinity - John Whitecross'
The Shorter Catechism Illustrated
Patriarchy and the “Sacraments”: “The Lord’s Table”
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