Westminster Larger Catechism
Q.176. Wherein do the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper agree?
A. The sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper agree, in that the author of both is God [m]; the spiritual part of both is Christ and his benefits [n]; both are seals of the same covenant [o], are to be dispensed by ministers of the gospel, and by none other [p]; and to be continued in the church of Christ until his second coming [q].
The sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper agree, in that the author of both is God [m];
[m] Matthew 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
1 Corinthians 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread:
the spiritual part of both is Christ and his benefits [n];
[n] Romans 6:3-4 Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death? Ver.4 Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.
1 Corinthians 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
both are seals of the same covenant [o],
[o] Romans 4:11 And he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had yet being uncircumcised: that he might be the father of all them that believe, though they be not circumcised; that righteousness might be imputed unto them also:
Compared with Colossians 2:12 Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God, who hath raised him from the dead.
Matthew 26:27-28 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; Ver.28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.
are to be dispensed by ministers of the gospel, and by none other [p];
[p] John 1:33 And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.
Matthew 28:19 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:
1 Corinthians 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread:
1 Corinthians 4:1 Let a man so account of us, as of the ministers of Christ, and stewards of the mysteries of God.
Hebrews 5:4 And no man taketh this honour unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron.
and to be continued in the church of Christ until his second coming [q].
[q] Matthew 28:19-20 Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: Ver.20 Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world. Amen.
1 Corinthians 11:26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
Westminster Larger Catechism
Q.177. Wherein do the sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper differ?
A. The sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper differ, in that Baptism is to be administered but once, with water, to be a sign and seal of our regeneration and ingrafting into Christ [r], and that even to infants [s]; whereas the Lord’s Supper is to be administered often, in the elements of bread and wine, to represent and exhibit Christ as spiritual nourishment to the soul [t], and to confirm our continuance and growth in him [v], and that only to such as are of years and ability to examine themselves [w].
The sacraments of Baptism and the Lord’s Supper differ, in that Baptism is to be administered but once, with water, to be a sign and seal of our regeneration and ingrafting into Christ [r],
[r] Matthew 3:11 I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not worthy to bear: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost, and with fire:
Titus 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost;
Galatians 3:27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ.
and that even to infants [s];
[s] Genesis 17:7 And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. Ver.9 And God said unto Abraham, Thou shalt keep my covenant therefore, thou, and thy seed after thee in their generations.
Acts 2:38-39 Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. Ver.39 For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the LORD our God shall call.
1 Corinthians 7:14 For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children unclean; but now are they holy.
whereas the Lord’s Supper is to be administered often, in the elements of bread and wine, to represent and exhibit Christ as spiritual nourishment to the soul [t],
[t] 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, that the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: Ver.24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. Ver.25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. Ver.26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
and to confirm our continuance and growth in him [v],
[v] 1 Corinthians 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?
and that only to such as are of years and ability to examine themselves [w].
[w] 1 Corinthians 11:28-29 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. Ver.29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord’s body.
Acts 2:41 Then those who gladly received his words were baptized, and that same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls. 42And they continued steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship, and in the breaking of bread and in prayers. 44And all who believed were together and had all things in common, 45and they sold their possessions and goods and divided them among all men, as every man had need. 46And continuing daily with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread from house to house, they ate their meat with gladness and singleness of heart, 47praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord added to the church daily such as should be saved.
- Multitudes of converts
- Acts 2:41 - 3,000 converts
- Acts 4:4,5 - 5,000 converts
- Acts 5:14 - multitudes of converts
- Acts 6:7 - numbers multiplied
- 1Corinthians 10:16
- The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion [fellowship] of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion [fellowship] of the body of Christ?
1 Corinthians 11:25-26 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, this cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. Ver.26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.
End of Lesson, Day 99
For Further Study:
CHAP. XXIX. - Of the Lord's Supper - Commentary by Gordon H. Clark
Chapter XXIX. Of the Lord' s Supper - Exposition by Robert Shaw
Chapter 29: Of the Lord's Supper - Commentary by A.A. Hodge
- Francis R. Beattie's The Presbyterian Standards
- James Fisher's Catechism on the Catechism
- John Flavel's Exposition of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism
- Matthew Henry's A Scripture Catechism in the Method of the Assembly's
- Thomas Vincent's The Shorter Catechism Explained from Scripture
- Thomas Watson's Body of Divinity
- John Whitecross' The Shorter Catechism Illustrated
Patriarchy and the “Sacraments”: “The Lord’s Table”
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